| Application: | Internal Medicine |
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| Usage Mode: | For oral administration |
| Suitable for: | Elderly, Children, Adult |
| State: | Liquid |
| Shape: | Inhalation |
| Type: | Biological Products |
| Samples: |
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| Customization: |
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Audited Supplier | Character | This product is a colorless, clear liquid. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indications | 1. For induction and maintenance of general anesthesia 2. For intravenous/inhalation compound general anesthesia 3. For controlled buck during anesthesia 4. For the treatment of persistent asthma |
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| Specification | 100ml, 250ml | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dosage |
MAC values for Isoflurane vary with age. The table below indicates average MAC values for different age groups.
Premedication: Premedication drugs should be selected according to the needs of the patient. The respiratory depressant effect of Isoflurane should be taken into account. The use of anticholinergic drugs is a matter of choice, but may we advisable for inhalation induction in paediatrics. Induction: As Isoflurane has a mild pungency, inhalation should usually be preceded by the use of a short acting barbiturate, or other intravenous induction agent, to prevent coughing. Alternatively, Isoflurane with oxygen or with an oxygen/ nitrous oxide mixture may be administered. It is recommended that induction with Isoflurane be initiated at a concentration of 0.5%. Concentrations of 1.5-3.0% usually produce surgical anaesthesia in 7-10 minutes. Induction of anaesthesia in children: Isoflurane is not recommended for use as an inhalation induction agent in infants and children because of the occurrence of cough, breath-holding, desaturation, increased secretions and laryngospasm (see section 4.4). Maintenance: Adequate anaesthesia for surgery may be sustained with an inspired Isoflurane concentration of 1.0% to 2.5% in an oxygen/nitrous oxide mixture. Additional Isoflurane (0.5% to 1.0%) may be required when Isoflurane is given with oxygen alone. For caesarean section, 0.5-0.75% isoflurane in a mixture of oxygen/nitrous oxide is suitable to maintain anaesthesia for this procedure. Arterial pressure levels during maintenance tend to be inversely related to alveolar Isoflurane concentration in the absence of other complicating factors. Provided there are no other complicating factors this is probably due to peripheral vasodilation. Excessive falls in blood pressure may be due to the depth of anaesthesia and, in such circumstances, can be corrected by reducing the inspired Isoflurane concentration. Elderly: As with other agents, lesser concentrations of isoflurane are normally required to maintain surgical anaesthesia in elderly patients. See above for MAC values related to age. Method of Administration: Vaporisers specially calibrated for Isoflurane should be used so that the concentration of anaesthetic can be accurately controlled. Isoflurane is not recommended as an induction agent in children. |
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| Adverse reactions | The adverse reactions that occur in the use of isoflurane are generally dose-dependent pharmacological effects, including respiratory depression, hypotension and arrhythmia. Chapped, nausea, vomiting, and intestinal obstruction may occur after surgery. Like other general anesthetics, there may be a transient increase in white blood cell counts even without surgical stress. For information on malignant hyperthermia and elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin, see the [Note] warning. During the market, there were rare reports of mild, moderate, and severe (some fatal) liver damage and hepatitis after surgery. This product also causes perioperative hyperkalemia (see [Precautions] Warning). Rare postmarketing reports with volatile anesthetic drugs, including liver failure and liver necrosis associated with the use of this product. Since these reports are spontaneous, the actual incidence rate and the relationship between this product and these events cannot be determined. Inhalation of high concentrations of coronary blood vessels may produce coronary steal syndrome (Steal syndrome). |
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| Contraindications | 1. Allergy to this medicine and other fluoride-containing inhalation anesthetics 2 malignant hyperthermia patients or have a history of malignant hyperthermia (foreign data) 3. Malignant hypercarcinogens after use of this drug 4. Pregnant women (excluding planer production) 5. The use of fluoride inhalation anesthesia after liver damage should not be used. Intracranial space-occupying lesions, craniocerebral injury and other patients with increased intracranial pressure and myasthenia gravis patients with caution. |
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| Character | This product is a colorless, clear liquid. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indications | Sevoflurane is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in adult and paediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specification | 100ml, 250ml | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dosage |
Premedication should be selected according to the need of the individual patient, and at the discretion of the anaesthetist. Surgical Anaesthesia: Sevoflurane should be delivered via a vaporiser specifically calibrated for use with sevoflurane so that the concentration delivered can be accurately controlled. MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) values for sevoflurane decrease with age and with the addition of nitrous oxide. The table below indicates average MAC values for different age groups.
* Neonates are full term gestational age. MAC in premature infants has not been determined. ** In 1 - <3 year old paediatric patients, 60% N2O/40% O2 was used. Induction: Dosage should be individualised and titrated to the desired effect according to the patient's age and clinical status. A short acting barbiturate or other intravenous induction agent may be administered followed by inhalation of sevoflurane. Induction with sevoflurane may be achieved in oxygen or in combination with oxygen-nitrous oxide mixtures. In adults inspired concentrations of up to 5% sevoflurane usually produce surgical anaesthesia in less than 2 minutes. In children, inspired concentrations of up to 7% sevoflurane usually produce surgical anaesthesia in less than 2 minutes. Alternatively, for induction of anaesthesia in unpremedicated patients, inspired concentrations of up to 8% sevoflurane may be used. Maintenance: Surgical levels of anaesthesia may be sustained with concentrations of 0.5 - 3% sevoflurane with or without the concomitant use of nitrous oxide. Emergence: Emergence times are generally short following sevoflurane anaesthesia. Therefore, patients may require early post-operative pain relief. Older people: MAC decreases with increasing age. The average concentration of sevoflurane to achieve MAC in an 80 year old is approximately 50% of that required in a 20 year old. Paediatric population: Refer to Table 1 for MAC values for paediatric patients according to age. |
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| Adverse reactions | Along with its needed effects, sevoflurane may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking sevoflurane:
Less common
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| Contraindications |
Sevoflurane should not be used in patients with known or suspected sensitivity to sevoflurane or other halogenated anaesthetics (e.g. history of liver function disorder, fever or leucocytosis of unknown cause after anaesthesia with one of these agents). Sevoflurane is also contraindicated in patients with known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Sevoflurane is contraindicated in patients in whom general anaesthesia is contraindicated. |
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| Isoflurane for Inhalation | 100ml, 120ml, 250ml |
| Sevoflurane for Inhalation | 100ml, 120ml, 250ml |
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